Power System Protection and Switchgear. Badri Ram, D. Mho Operands output overcurrent relay overhead lines overvoltages phase angle phase comparator phase faults phasor polarising power system protective relay protective scheme rated reactance relay realised rectifier relay characteristic relay location relay operates RGURE.
13 8 SWITCHGEAR AND PROTECTION Course Code: 13EE1119 L 4 T 0 P 0 C 3 Pre requisites: Electrical Machines and Power Transmission Engineering Course Educational Objectives: ✤ To discuss the need for the protection and various protection schemes. ✤ To study different relays characteristics character istics ✤ To understand the method of circuit breaking, arcing phenomena – various arc theories theories - capacitive and inductive inductive breaking Course Outcomes: ✤ Students acquire knowledge in the field of power system protection, circuit breakers and relays. ✤ Students will gain ability to design the relevant protection systems for the main elements of a power system. UNIT-I ( 12 L ec tu re s) CIRCUIT BREAKERS: Principle of operation – RRRV – Current chopping- Circuit Breaker ratings and specifications, specifica tions, Testing Testing of Circuit Breakers. Constructi onal features and selection Constructional select ion of LT LT breakers (Miniature circuit circui t breakers/Metal clad circuit breakers/Earth leakage circuit breaker) and HT breakers (Air blast circuit breaker-Oil circuit breakers-SF6 CBVacuum Circuit Circuit Breakers) Breakers) UNIT-II ( 12 L ec t u re s ) PROTECTIVE RELA RELAYS-I: YS-I: Electromagnetic Relays: Principle of Operation and Construction of Attracted armature, Balanced Balanc ed Beam, induction Disc and Induction Cup relays. Relays Classification: Instantaneous, DMT and IDMT types, G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2013 13 9 Application of relays: Over current, Under voltage, Directional, Differential and Percentage Differential.
UNIT-III (12 Lectures) PROTECTIVE RELAYS-II: Universal Torque Equation, Distance relays: Impedance, Reactance and Mho and Off-Set Mho relays, Characteristics of Distance Relays and Comparison. Static Relays, Static Relays verses Electromagnetic Relays. Microprocessor Based Relays: impedance, directional, reactance, Mho & offset Mho and mathematical expression for distance relay. UNIT-IV (12 Lectures) PROTECTION OF GENERATORS, TRANSFORMERS, FEEDERS AND BUS BARS: Protection of Generators against Stator faults, Rotor faults, and Abnormal Conditions. Restricted Earth Fault, Numerical Problems on% Winding Unprotected. Percentage Differential Protection of transformers, Numerical Problems on Design of CT’s Ratio, BUCHHOLTZ Relay Protection Protection of transmission Lines: Over Current, Carrier Current and Three-zone Distance Relay Protection using Impedance Relays.
Translay Relay. Protection of Bus bars – Differential protection. Obosnovanie otkritiya novoj shtatnoj edinici.
UNIT-V (12 Lectures) GROUNDING TECHNIQUES & OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTIONS: Grounded and Ungrounded Neutral Systems- Effects of Ungrounded Neutral on system performance- Methods of Neutral Grounding, Arcing Grounds and Grounding Practices. Protection against Over Voltages- Volt-Time Characteristics- Valve type and Zinc-Oxide Lighting Arresters - Insulation Coordination-BIL, Impulse Ratio, Standard Impulse Test Wave. TEXT BOOKS: 1. C R Mason, “Art& Science of Protective Relaying”, Wiley Eastern Ltd. G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2013 14 0 2. Sunil S Rao, “Switchgear Protection and Power Systems”, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 11th Edition reprint 3rd Edition, 2008 REFERENCES: 1. Badri Ram, Viswakarma.D.N., “Power System Protection and Switchgear”, TMH Publications, 2 nd Edition 2011.
MadhavRao, “Power System Protection Static relays with Microprocessor Applications”, TMH Publication, 2nd Edition, 2006. Wadhwa, “Electrical Power Systems”, New Age International (P) Limited, Publishers, 5th Edition, 2009. Soni, Gupta, Bhatnagar, Chakrabarthy, “A Text book on Power System Engineering”, DhanpatRai & Co, 2008. Warrington and Coll, “Protective Relays”, Vol I & II. Pqr G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2013.
TEE701: SWITCHGEAR AND PROTECTION Unit I: Introduction to power system: Introduction to protective system and its elements, function of protective relaying, protective zones, primary and backup protection, desirable qualities of protective relaying, basic terminology. Relays: Electromagnetic, attraction and induction type relays, thermal relay, gas actuated relay. Unit II: Relay Applications and characteristics: Amplitude and phase comparators, over current relays, directional relays, distance relays, differential relays.
Static relays: Comparison with electromagnetic relays, classification and their description, over current relays, directional relays, distance relays, differential relays. Unit III: Protection of transmission line: Time graded protection, differential and distance protection of feeders, choice between impedance, reactance and MHO relays, Elementary idea about carrier current protection of lines, protection of bus, auto reclosing, pilot wire protection. Unit IV: Circuit Braking: Arc phenomenon, properties of arc, arc extinction theories, recovery voltage and restriking voltage, current chopping, resistance switching, capacitance current interruption, circuit breaker ratings. Testing of circuit breakers: Classification, testing station & equipments, testing procedure, direct and indirect testing. Unit V: Apparatus protection: Types of faults on alternator, stator and rotor protection, negative sequence protection, loss of excitation and overload protection. Types of fault on transformers, percentage differential protection, isolated neutral system, grounded neutral system and selection of neutral grounding.
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Power System Protection and Switchgear. Badri Ram, D. Mho Operands output overcurrent relay overhead lines overvoltages phase angle phase comparator phase faults phasor polarising power system protective relay protective scheme rated reactance relay realised rectifier relay characteristic relay location relay operates RGURE.
13 8 SWITCHGEAR AND PROTECTION Course Code: 13EE1119 L 4 T 0 P 0 C 3 Pre requisites: Electrical Machines and Power Transmission Engineering Course Educational Objectives: ✤ To discuss the need for the protection and various protection schemes. ✤ To study different relays characteristics character istics ✤ To understand the method of circuit breaking, arcing phenomena – various arc theories theories - capacitive and inductive inductive breaking Course Outcomes: ✤ Students acquire knowledge in the field of power system protection, circuit breakers and relays. ✤ Students will gain ability to design the relevant protection systems for the main elements of a power system. UNIT-I ( 12 L ec tu re s) CIRCUIT BREAKERS: Principle of operation – RRRV – Current chopping- Circuit Breaker ratings and specifications, specifica tions, Testing Testing of Circuit Breakers. Constructi onal features and selection Constructional select ion of LT LT breakers (Miniature circuit circui t breakers/Metal clad circuit breakers/Earth leakage circuit breaker) and HT breakers (Air blast circuit breaker-Oil circuit breakers-SF6 CBVacuum Circuit Circuit Breakers) Breakers) UNIT-II ( 12 L ec t u re s ) PROTECTIVE RELA RELAYS-I: YS-I: Electromagnetic Relays: Principle of Operation and Construction of Attracted armature, Balanced Balanc ed Beam, induction Disc and Induction Cup relays. Relays Classification: Instantaneous, DMT and IDMT types, G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2013 13 9 Application of relays: Over current, Under voltage, Directional, Differential and Percentage Differential.
UNIT-III (12 Lectures) PROTECTIVE RELAYS-II: Universal Torque Equation, Distance relays: Impedance, Reactance and Mho and Off-Set Mho relays, Characteristics of Distance Relays and Comparison. Static Relays, Static Relays verses Electromagnetic Relays. Microprocessor Based Relays: impedance, directional, reactance, Mho & offset Mho and mathematical expression for distance relay. UNIT-IV (12 Lectures) PROTECTION OF GENERATORS, TRANSFORMERS, FEEDERS AND BUS BARS: Protection of Generators against Stator faults, Rotor faults, and Abnormal Conditions. Restricted Earth Fault, Numerical Problems on% Winding Unprotected. Percentage Differential Protection of transformers, Numerical Problems on Design of CT’s Ratio, BUCHHOLTZ Relay Protection Protection of transmission Lines: Over Current, Carrier Current and Three-zone Distance Relay Protection using Impedance Relays.
Translay Relay. Protection of Bus bars – Differential protection. Obosnovanie otkritiya novoj shtatnoj edinici.
UNIT-V (12 Lectures) GROUNDING TECHNIQUES & OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTIONS: Grounded and Ungrounded Neutral Systems- Effects of Ungrounded Neutral on system performance- Methods of Neutral Grounding, Arcing Grounds and Grounding Practices. Protection against Over Voltages- Volt-Time Characteristics- Valve type and Zinc-Oxide Lighting Arresters - Insulation Coordination-BIL, Impulse Ratio, Standard Impulse Test Wave. TEXT BOOKS: 1. C R Mason, “Art& Science of Protective Relaying”, Wiley Eastern Ltd. G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2013 14 0 2. Sunil S Rao, “Switchgear Protection and Power Systems”, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 11th Edition reprint 3rd Edition, 2008 REFERENCES: 1. Badri Ram, Viswakarma.D.N., “Power System Protection and Switchgear”, TMH Publications, 2 nd Edition 2011.
MadhavRao, “Power System Protection Static relays with Microprocessor Applications”, TMH Publication, 2nd Edition, 2006. Wadhwa, “Electrical Power Systems”, New Age International (P) Limited, Publishers, 5th Edition, 2009. Soni, Gupta, Bhatnagar, Chakrabarthy, “A Text book on Power System Engineering”, DhanpatRai & Co, 2008. Warrington and Coll, “Protective Relays”, Vol I & II. Pqr G V P College of Engineering (Autonomous) 2013.
TEE701: SWITCHGEAR AND PROTECTION Unit I: Introduction to power system: Introduction to protective system and its elements, function of protective relaying, protective zones, primary and backup protection, desirable qualities of protective relaying, basic terminology. Relays: Electromagnetic, attraction and induction type relays, thermal relay, gas actuated relay. Unit II: Relay Applications and characteristics: Amplitude and phase comparators, over current relays, directional relays, distance relays, differential relays.
Static relays: Comparison with electromagnetic relays, classification and their description, over current relays, directional relays, distance relays, differential relays. Unit III: Protection of transmission line: Time graded protection, differential and distance protection of feeders, choice between impedance, reactance and MHO relays, Elementary idea about carrier current protection of lines, protection of bus, auto reclosing, pilot wire protection. Unit IV: Circuit Braking: Arc phenomenon, properties of arc, arc extinction theories, recovery voltage and restriking voltage, current chopping, resistance switching, capacitance current interruption, circuit breaker ratings. Testing of circuit breakers: Classification, testing station & equipments, testing procedure, direct and indirect testing. Unit V: Apparatus protection: Types of faults on alternator, stator and rotor protection, negative sequence protection, loss of excitation and overload protection. Types of fault on transformers, percentage differential protection, isolated neutral system, grounded neutral system and selection of neutral grounding.